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New START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) (Russian: СНВ-III, ''SNV-III'') is a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation with the formal name of ''Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms''. It was signed on 8 April 2010 in Prague, and, after ratification, entered into force on 5 February 2011.〔 It is expected to last at least until 2021. New START replaced the Treaty of Moscow (SORT), which was due to expire in December 2012. In terms of name, it is a follow-up to the START I treaty, which expired in December 2009, the proposed START II treaty, which never entered into force, and the START III treaty, for which negotiations were never concluded. Under terms of the treaty, the number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half. A new inspection and verification regime will be established, replacing the SORT mechanism. It does not limit the number of operationally inactive stockpiled nuclear warheads that remain in the high thousands in both the Russian and American inventories. == Overview == Under the terms of the treaty, the number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half. The treaty limits the number of deployed strategic nuclear warheads to 1,550, which is down nearly two-thirds from the original START treaty, as well as 10% lower than the deployed strategic warhead limit of the 2002 Moscow Treaty.〔 The total number of deployed warheads, however, could exceed the 1,550 limit by a few hundred because per bomber only one warhead is counted regardless of how many it actually carries.〔O'Hanlon, Michael E. (New START Shouldn't Be Stopped" ), Brookings Institution, 18 November 2010〕 It will also limit the number of deployed and non-deployed inter-continental ballistic missile (ICBM) launchers, submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) launchers, and heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments to 800. The number of deployed ICBMs, SLBMs, and heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments is limited to 700.〔Department of State – New START Treaty, (TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON MEASURES FOR THE FURTHER REDUCTION AND LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE ARMS ), Thur 8 Apr 2010〕 The treaty allows for satellite and remote monitoring, as well as 18 on-site inspections per year to verify limits.〔 These obligations must be met within seven years from the date the treaty enters into force. The treaty will last ten years, with an option to renew it for up to five years upon agreement of both parties.〔White House, (Key Facts about the New START Treaty )〕 The treaty entered into force on 5 February 2011, when the United States and Russia exchanged instruments of ratification, following approval by the U.S. Senate and the Federal Assembly of Russia.〔Treaty text, Article XVI, section 1.〕 However, the United States began implementing the reductions even before the treaty was ratified.〔(United States Moves Rapidly Toward New START Warhead Limit )〕 Documents made available to the U.S. Senate described removal from service of at least 30 missile silos, 34 bombers and 56 submarine launch tubes, though missiles removed would not be destroyed and bombers could be converted to conventional use. While four of 24 launchers on each of the 14 ballistic missile nuclear submarines would be removed, none would be retired.〔Peter Baker, ("Obama Expands Modernization of Nuclear Arsenal" ), ''The New York Times'', 13 May 2010〕 The treaty places no limits on tactical systems, such as the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, which will most likely be replacing the F-15E and F-16 in the tactical nuclear delivery role.〔Grant, Rebecca. ("Nukes for NATO" ). ''Airforce Magazine'', July 2010〕 The treaty does not cover rail-mobile ICBM launchers because neither party currently possesses such systems. ICBMs on such launchers would be covered under the generic launcher limits, but the inspection details for such systems would have to be worked out between the parties if such systems were reintroduced in the future.〔("Rail-Mobile Launchers of ICBMs and their Missiles" ). United States Department of State, 2 August 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New START」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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